SQL> with
   2     src as (select 'Вот такой вот тест странной задачи. Тот препод, что его дал - удивителен.' data from dual),
   3     src2 as (select replace (replace (replace (data, '.'), ','), '-') data from src),
   4     src3 as (select ' ' || trim (data) || ' ' data from src2),
   5     positions as (
   6       select src3.data,
   7              instr(src3.data, ' ',  1 , n#) p_from,
   8              instr(src3.data, ' ',  1 , n# +  1 ) p_to
   9       from src3,
  10            (select rownum n#
  11             from src
  12             connect by level <=
  13                        length(src.data) - length(replace(src.data, ' ', '')) +  1 )),
  14     words as (select trim (substr (data, p_from, p_to - p_from)) word from positions),
  15     filtered as (
  16       select word,
  17              case
  18                when lower(substr(word,  1 ,  1 )) =
  19                     lower(substr(word, length(word),  1 )) then
  20                 'Y'
  21                else
  22                 ''
  23              end is_filtered
  24       from words
  25       where word is not null)
  26   select case
  27            when grouping(is_filtered) =  0  then
  28             word
  29            else
  30             '** Всего **'
  31          end word,
  32          case
  33            when grouping(is_filtered) =  0  then
  34             is_filtered
  35            else
  36             to_char(sum(case
  37            when is_filtered = 'Y' then
  38              1 
  39            else
  40              0 
  41          end)) end filtered
  42   from filtered
  43   group by grouping sets((word, is_filtered),()) ;

WORD            FILTERED
--------------- ---------------
Вот             
Тот             Y
вот             
дал             
его             
что             
тест            Y
такой           
задачи          
препод          
странной        
удивителен      
** Всего **      2 

 13  rows selected