if check( 1 ).value = vbChecked then
        check( 2 ).value = vbChecked
        check( 3 ).value = vbChecked
        check( 4 ).value = vbChecked
        check( 5 ).value = vbChecked
      else 
        check( 2 ).value = vbUnChecked
        check( 3 ).value = vbUnChecked
        check( 4 ).value = vbUnChecked
        check( 5 ).value = vbUnChecked
      end if

for i= 2  to  5 
        check(i).value = check( 1 ).value
end if

Sub Check_Click(Index As Integer)
   if blnFlag then exit sub
'вот а тут то и начинаются непонятки, потому что по логике требуется что-то вроде
      case  2 , 3 , 4 , 5 

      if check( 2 ).value = vbUnChecked Or _
        check( 3 ).value = vbUnChecked Or _
        check( 4 ).value = vbUnChecked Or _
        check( 5 ).value = vbUnChecked Then
      blnFlag =true
          check( 1 ).value = vbUnChecked
      blnFlag =false
      end if
  end select
end sub

Private ar( 1  To  4 ) As Long  ' список кнопок для чека
Private blnFLag As Boolean
Private Sub Form_Load()
    ar( 1 ) =  2 : ar( 2 ) =  3 : ar( 3 ) =  5 : ar( 4 ) =  6 
End Sub

Private Sub Check1_Click(Index As Integer)
    If blnFLag Then Exit Sub
    ' ставим значение по чек олл
    If Index =  0  Then
        blnFLag = True
        Call SetAll(Check1( 0 ).Value)
        blnFLag = False
        Exit Sub
    End If
    ' если мы в группе, и сняли чек, то снимаем чек и чек олл
    If IsItemInGroup(Index) Then
        If IsAllGroupChecked Then
            blnFLag = True
            Check1( 0 ).Value = vbChecked
            blnFLag = False
            Exit Sub
        End If
        If IsAllGroupUnChecked Then
            blnFLag = True
            Check1( 0 ).Value = vbUnchecked
            blnFLag = False
            Exit Sub
        End If
        blnFLag = True
        Check1( 0 ).Value = CheckBoxConstants.vbGrayed
        blnFLag = False
    End If
    
End Sub
Private Sub SetAll(ByVal p_Value As CheckBoxConstants)
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = LBound(ar) To UBound(ar)
        Check1(ar(i)).Value = p_Value
    Next i
End Sub
Private Function IsAllGroupChecked() As Boolean
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = LBound(ar) To UBound(ar)
        If Check1(ar(i)).Value = vbUnchecked Then
            IsAllGroupChecked = False
            Exit Function
        End If
    Next i
    IsAllGroupChecked = True
End Function
Private Function IsAllGroupUnChecked() As Boolean
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = LBound(ar) To UBound(ar)
        If Check1(ar(i)).Value = vbChecked Then
            IsAllGroupUnChecked = False
            Exit Function
        End If
    Next i
    IsAllGroupUnChecked = True
End Function
Private Function IsItemInGroup(ByVal p_Index As Integer) As Boolean
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = LBound(ar) To UBound(ar)
        If ar(i) = p_Index Then
            IsItemInGroup = True
            Exit Function
        End If
    Next i
    IsItemInGroup = False
End Function