CREATE TABLE person_date
(
 ID NUMBER(10)  PRIMARY KEY,
 BIRTHDATE VARCHAR2(500) 
);

INSERT INTO TESTERSERSDWD SELECT P.ID ,  P.DATE FROM  PERSONS P  
WHERE  TO_DATE(P.DATE ,'DD/MM/YYYY')  BETWEEN  TO_DATE('01/01/2000', 'DD/MM/YYYY')  
AND   TO_DATE( '01/01/2018','DD/MM/YYYY') 

LOG ERRORS REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;

 ORA-01843: not a valid month 

 SELECT * FROM  ERR$_person_date; 

CREATE TABLE person_date
(
 ID NUMBER(10)  PRIMARY KEY,
 DATE VARCHAR2(500) 
);


INSERT INTO person_date SELECT P.ID ,  P.DATE FROM  PERSONS P  
WHERE  TO_DATE(P.DATE ,'DD/MM/YYYY')  BETWEEN  TO_DATE('01/01/2000', 'DD/MM/YYYY')  
AND   TO_DATE( '01/01/2018','DD/MM/YYYY') 

LOG ERRORS REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;

SQL> select to_date('01/00/2018','dd/mm/yyyy') from dual;
select to_date('01/00/2018','dd/mm/yyyy') from dual
ORA-01843: месяц неверен

SQL> 

 varchar2

21/10/1961
12/02/1963
31/03/1965
21/12/1966
05/03/1967
08/06/1967
07/07/1968
01/11/1968
26/12/1968
19/04/1969
15/06/1969

Connected to Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 
SQL> create table bad_dates (dt_id number, dt varchar2(10));
Table created
SQL> insert into bad_dates (
  2     select 1, '2018/10/11' from dual union all
  3     select 2, '2018/99/05' from dual union all
  4     select 3, '2018/12/31' from dual union all
  5     select 4, '2018/12/99' from dual);
4 rows inserted
SQL>  create table test_dates (dt_id number, dt varchar2(500));
Table created
SQL>  exec dbms_errlog.create_error_log ('TEST_DATES');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL>  insert into test_dates
  2     select dt_id, to_date(dt, 'YYYY/MM/DD') from bad_dates
  3     log errors into err$_test_dates reject LIMIT UNLIMITED;
2 rows inserted
SQL>  select * from test_dates;

     DT_ID DT
---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 11.10.18
         3 31.12.18
SQL>  select dt_id, dt, ora_err_mesg$ from err$_test_dates;
DT_ID                                                                            DT                                                                               ORA_ERR_MESG$
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2                                                                                2018/99/05                                                                       ORA-01843: not a valid month
4                                                                                2018/12/99                                                                       ORA-01847: day of month must be between 1 and last day of month

SQL>