SELECT *
 FROM table
WHERE DATE1 = (
              SELECT MAX(DATE1)
                FROM table
               WHERE DATE2 = (
                              SELECT min(DATE2)
                                FROM table
                              WHERE DATE2 > TO_DATE('13.03. 2019 20:45:00', 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss')
                              )
                );

with tabl(id,date1,date2) as
(select 1,to_date('13.03.2019 20:35:10','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS'), to_date('14.03.2019 07:55:25','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS') from dual
union all select 2, to_date('12.03.2019 07:45:00','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS'), to_date('13.03.2019 07:29:00','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS') from dual
union all select 3, to_date('13.03.2019 20:41:01','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS'), to_date('21.03.2019 00:02:38','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS') from dual
)
select * from (
select * 
  from tabl,(select to_date('13.03.2019 20:45:00','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS') as d from dual) d
 where d between date1 and date2
 order by d-date1
) a 
where rownum = 1;

with t as (
           select  table.*,
                   row_number() over(order by abs(date - to_date('13.03. 2019 20:45:00','dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss'))) rn
             from  table
          )
select  *
  from  t
  where rn = 1
/