SQL> select * from nika31;

     POLE1      POLE2
---------- ----------
         1        100
         2        200
         3        300
         3        400

SQL> declare
  2   v_max_pole1  nika31.pole1%type;
  3   v_pole2      nika31.pole2%type;
  4   v_prev_pole1 nika31.pole1%type;
  5   v_prev_pole2 nika31.pole2%type;
  6   v_calc       nika31.pole2%type;
  7   v_max_p5     nika31.pole1%type :=50;
  8  begin
  9  --п1
 10   select nvl(max(pole1),0),max(pole2) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY pole1)
 11   into v_max_pole1,v_pole2
 12   from nika31;
 13  --п2
 14   select nvl(max(pole1),0),max(pole2) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY pole1)
 15   into v_prev_pole1,v_prev_pole2
 16   from nika31 where pole1<v_max_pole1;
 17  --
 18   while(v_max_pole1<=v_max_p5) loop
 19     --произвести между ними арифметические операции
 20     v_calc:=v_max_pole1+v_prev_pole2+sin(v_prev_pole1);
 21  --п3
 22     insert into nika31(pole1,pole2) values(v_max_pole1+10,v_calc);
 23  --п4
 24     v_prev_pole1:=v_max_pole1;
 25     v_prev_pole2:=v_pole2;
 26     v_max_pole1:=v_max_pole1+10;
 27     v_pole2:=v_calc;
 28  --п5
 29   end loop;
 30  -- rollback;
 31  -- commit;
 32  end;
 33  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select * from nika31;

     POLE1      POLE2
---------- ----------
         1        100
         2        200
         3        300
         3        400
        13 203,909297
        23  413,14112
        33 227,329464
        43   445,2949
        53 271,329376

9 rows selected.

SQL>