SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf

  1* create table t (id int,pole17$01 number,pole17$02 number,pole17$03 number)
SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> insert into t(id) values (1);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from t;

        ID  POLE17$01  POLE17$02  POLE17$03
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1

declare
 v_f number;
begin
for gg in 2017..2017 loop
     for mm in 1..3 loop
         --
         --вычисляем значение переменной tmp
         --
         v_f:=sin(gg*mm);
         --записываем в поле БД значение переменной
         --repl pole gg$mm with tmp
         null;
         execute immediate 'update t set pole'||substr(gg,-2)||'$'||to_char(mm,'fm00')
           ||'=:f where id=1' using v_f;
     end loop;
end loop;
end;
/

SQL> /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select * from t;

        ID  POLE17$01  POLE17$02  POLE17$03
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1 ,097361914 ,193798704 ,288394035