use test
go
create view dbo.testdata as
select 1 n;
go

create procedure guest.test as
begin
  begin try
    declare
      @n int;
    select @n=n from dbo.testdata;
    print formatmessage('%s.%s: ok', object_schema_name(@@procid), object_name(@@procid));
  end try
  begin catch
    print formatmessage(
      '%s.%s: error %d %s, severity %d, state %d',
      object_schema_name(@@procid),
      error_procedure(),
      error_number(),
      error_message(),
      error_severity(),
      error_state()
    );
  end catch;
end;
go
grant execute on guest.test to [public];
go

create procedure dbo.test
with execute as caller
as
begin
  begin try
    declare
      @n int;
    select @n=n from dbo.testdata;
    print formatmessage('%s.%s: ok', object_schema_name(@@procid), object_name(@@procid));
  end try
  begin catch
    print formatmessage(
      '%s.%s: error %d %s, severity %d, state %d',
      object_schema_name(@@procid),
      error_procedure(),
      error_number(),
      error_message(),
      error_severity(),
      error_state()
    );
  end catch;
end;
go
grant execute on dbo.test to [public];
go

create user [testuser] without login;
go

execute as user='testuser';
exec dbo.test;
exec guest.test;
revert;

dbo.test: ok
guest.test: error 229 The SELECT permission was denied on the object 'testdata', database 'test', schema 'dbo'., severity 14, state 5

select @@version

Microsoft SQL Server 2014 (SP2-CU12) (KB4130489) - 12.0.5589.7 (X64) 
	Jun  9 2018 11:17:15 
	Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
	Developer Edition (64-bit) on Windows NT 6.1 <X64> (Build 7601: Service Pack 1)