[MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(BindingExpression))]
public class MetaDataBindingExtension : MarkupExtension
{
  private readonly string _path;
  public MetaDataBindingExtension(string path)
  {
    _path = path;
  }
  public IValueConverter Converter { get; set; }
  public object ConverterParameter { get; set; }
  public Type AttributeType { get; set; }

  public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
  {
    var valueTarget = (IProvideValueTarget)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IProvideValueTarget));
    var element = valueTarget.TargetObject as FrameworkElement;
    if (element==null) return null;
    var propertyBinding = new Binding
    {
      Path = new PropertyPath("MetaData"),
      Source = new MetaDataExtractor(element, _path),
      Mode = BindingMode.OneWay
    };
    return propertyBinding.ProvideValue(serviceProvider);
  }
}

class MetaDataExtractor: INotifyPropertyChanged
{
  private readonly FrameworkElement _source;
  private readonly string _path;
  public MetaDataExtractor(FrameworkElement source, string path)
  {
    _source = source;
    _path = path;
    _source.DataContextChanged += (s, e) =>
    {
      if (PropertyChanged != null)
        PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("MetaData"));
    };
  }

  public string MetaData
  {
    get
    {
      return ExtractMEtaData();
    }
  }

  public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

  private string ExtractMEtaData()
  {
    if (_source.DataContext == null) return null;
    var parts = _path.Split(new[] { "." }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
    if (parts.Length!=3)
      throw new ApplicationException("Malformed metadata path");
    var property = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(_source.DataContext)
      .Find(parts[0], false);
    if (property == null) return null;
    var attribute = property.Attributes.Cast<Attribute>()
      .FirstOrDefault(attr => attr.GetType().Name == parts[1]);
    if (attribute == null) return null;
    var attrProperty = attribute.GetType().GetProperty(parts[2]);
    return attrProperty != null ? (string)attrProperty.GetValue(attribute, new object[] { }) : null;
  }
}

<TextBlock Text="{l:MetaDataBinding MyVMProperty.DisplayAttribute.Name}"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding MyVMProperty, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"/>

public class MetadataParameters
{
  public Type AttributeType { get; set; }
  public string ModelProperty { get; set; }
  public string MetadataProperty { get; set; }
}

public class MetadataConverter: IValueConverter
{
  public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
  {
    if (value == null) return null;
    var mp = parameter as MetadataParameters;
    if (mp == null) return null;
    var property = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(value)
      .Find(mp.ModelProperty, false);
    if (property == null) return null;
    var attribute = property.Attributes.Cast<Attribute>()
      .FirstOrDefault(attr => attr.GetType()==mp.AttributeType);
    if (attribute == null) return null;
    var attrProperty = attribute.GetType().GetProperty(mp.MetadataProperty);
    return attrProperty != null ? attrProperty.GetValue(attribute, new object[] { }) : null;
  }

  public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
  {
    throw new NotImplementedException();
  }
}

<TextBlock>
  <TextBlock.Text>
    <Binding
      Mode="OneWay"
      Converter="{StaticResource MetadataConverter}">
      <Binding.ConverterParameter>
        <l:MetadataParameters
          AttributeType="{x:Type DataAnnotations:DisplayAttribute}"
          ModelProperty="MyVMProperty"
          MetadataProperty="Name"/>
      </Binding.ConverterParameter>
    </Binding>
  </TextBlock.Text>
</TextBlock>

public class MetadataParameters
{
  public Type ModelType { get; set; }
  public Type AttributeType { get; set; }
  public string ModelProperty { get; set; }
  public string MetadataProperty { get; set; }

  public override string ToString()
  {
    var property = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(ModelType)
      .Find(ModelProperty, false);
    if (property == null) return string.Empty;
    var attribute = property.Attributes.Cast<Attribute>()
      .FirstOrDefault(attr => attr.GetType() == AttributeType);
    if (attribute == null) return string.Empty;
    var attrProperty = attribute.GetType().GetProperty(MetadataProperty);
    return attrProperty != null ? (string)attrProperty.GetValue(attribute, new object[] { }) : string.Empty;
  }
}

<Label>
  <Label.Content>
    <l:MetadataParameters
      AttributeType="{x:Type DataAnnotations:DisplayAttribute}"
      ModelType="{x:Type l:MyVM}"
      ModelProperty="MyVMProperty"
      MetadataProperty="Name"/>
  </Label.Content>
</Label>

[MarkupExtensionReturnType(typeof(string))]
public class MetaDataBindingExtension : MarkupExtension
{
  public Type ModelType { get; set; }
  public string ModelProperty { get; set; }
  public Type AttributeType { get; set; }
  public string MetadataProperty { get; set; }

  public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
  {
    var property = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(ModelType)
      .Find(ModelProperty, false);
    if (property == null) return null;
    var attribute = property.Attributes.Cast<Attribute>()
      .FirstOrDefault(attr => attr.GetType() == AttributeType);
    if (attribute == null) return null;
    var attrProperty = attribute.GetType().GetProperty(MetadataProperty);
    return attrProperty != null ? attrProperty.GetValue(attribute, new object[] { }) : null;
  }
}

<TextBlock>
  <TextBlock.Text>
    <l:MetaDataBinding
      AttributeType="{x:Type DataAnnotations:DisplayAttribute}"
      ModelType="{x:Type l:MyVM}"
      ModelProperty="MyVMProperty"
      MetadataProperty="Name"/>
  </TextBlock.Text>
</TextBlock>

<TextBlock
  Text="{l:MetaDataBinding AttributeType={x:Type DataAnnotations:DisplayAttribute}, ...}"
  ...

Unknown property ‘AttributeType’ for type ‘MS.Internal.Markup.MarkupExtensionParser+UnknownMarkupExtension’
encountered while parsing a Markup Extension.