Dim user_date( 31 ) As String
...
For i =  1  To  31 
        user_date(i) = Format(i & "." & month & "." & year, "dd/mm/yy")
Next i

Sub tester()

    Dim user_date( 1  To  31 ) As String
    Dim month As String
    Dim year As String
    Dim i As Integer

    year = Application.InputBox("введите год")
    month = Application.InputBox("введите номер месяца")
    
    For i =  1  To  31 
        user_date(i) = Format(IIf(i <=  9 , "0", "") & i & "." & month & "." & year)
    Next i
     
    ActiveSheet.Range("$A$1:$J$1000").AutoFilter Field:= 5 , Criteria1:=Array(user_date), Operator:=xlFilterValues
    
End Sub