public   static   void  main(String arg[])  throws  Throwable {
        System.out.println("-- from file ");
        // просто выводим байты
        Test.print_stack(readBytes("/mnt/pstuff/koi8"));
        // читаем байты из потока
        System.out.println( new  String(readBytes("/mnt/pstuff/koi8")));
        
        System.out.println("-- from arg");
        // просто выводим байты
        Test.print_stack(arg[ 0 ].getBytes());
        System.out.println(arg[ 0 ]);
     }

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF- 8 

$ java -Dfile.encoding=koi8-r -classpath .:dist/test.jar Test `cat /mnt/pstuff/koi8`
-- from file
- 21  - 17  - 23   45   56 
КОИ- 8 
-- from arg
 63   63   63   45   56 
???- 8 

System.out.println(  new  String(arg[ 0 ].getBytes(), "koi8-r") );

....
BufferedReader stdin =  new  BufferedReader( new  InputStreamReader(System.in));
String s = stdin.readLine();
....

#!/bin/sh
CMD="-Duser.language=ru -Duser.region=RU -Dfile.encoding=koi8-r -classpath .:dist/test.jar Test"
ARG=`cat /mnt/pstuff/koi8`

java $CMD $ARG <<EOF
$ 1 
EOF