...
delay=5000
...

@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:prop.properties")
public class PropertiesReader {
    @Value("${delay}")
    private long delay;

    public getDelay() {
        return delay;
    }
}

public class AnyClass {
...
@Autowired
private PropertiesReader propertiesReader;

@Scheduled(initialDelay = ???)                            // Что надо написать?
public void theMethod() {
}
...
}

...
@Autowired
private PropertiesReader propertiesReader;

@Scheduled(initialDelayString = "#{T(java.lang.Long).valueOf(propertiesReader.getDelay())}", fixedRate = 1000)
public void theMethod() {
...
}
...

Exactly one of the 'cron', 'fixedDelay(String)', or 'fixedRate(String)' attributes is required