SELECT s.*
FROM "Документы" s
where "Документ" = ANY(ARRAY[807830, 807831, 807832, 807833, 807834, 807835, 807836, 807837, 807838, 807839
])
ORDER BY
s."Код"  

CREATE INDEX "index_sort"
	ON "Документы" USING btree
	("Документ" NULLS LAST, "Код" text_pattern_ops NULLS LAST);

"Sort  (cost=48.74..48.77 rows=10 width=174) (actual time=0.061..0.062 rows=10 loops=1)"
"  Sort Key: "Код"
"  Sort Method: quicksort  Memory: 26kB"
"  Buffers: shared hit=31"
"  ->  Index Scan using "pДокумент" on "Документы" s  (cost=0.42..48.58 rows=10 width=174) (actual time=0.013..0.025 rows=10 loops=1)"
"        Index Cond: ("Документ" = ANY ('{807830,807831,807832,807833,807834,807835,807836,807837,807838,807839}'::integer[]))"
"        Buffers: shared hit=31"
"Planning time: 0.168 ms"
"Execution time: 0.077 ms"