CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `cert` (
`type` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`amount` int(4) NOT NULL,
`year` int(4) NOT NULL
) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `cert` (`type`, `amount`, `year`) VALUES
('Квалифицированный', '500', '2018'),
('Неквалифицированный', '90', '2018'),
('Квалифицированный', '300', '2019'),
('Неквалифицированный', '250', '2019'),
('Квалифицированный', '600', '2020'),
('Неквалифицированный', '500', '2020');

SELECT type, (SELECT amount FROM cert where year=2018 ) as "2018", amount as "2019", amount as "2020"
FROM cert
group by type

SELECT distinct amount
FROM cert
where year=2018

SELECT type, (SELECT max(amount) FROM cert where year=2018) as "2018",
(SELECT max(amount) FROM cert where year=2019) as "2019",
(SELECT max(amount) FROM cert where year=2020) as "2020"
FROM cert
UNION
SELECT type, (SELECT min(amount) FROM cert where year=2018 limit 1) as "2018",
(SELECT min(amount) FROM cert where year=2019 limit 1) as "2019",
(SELECT min(amount) FROM cert where year=2020 limit 1) as "2020"
FROM cert

select *
from(

SELECT type, (SELECT max(amount) FROM cert where year=2018) as "2018",
(SELECT max(amount) FROM cert where year=2019) as "2019",
(SELECT max(amount) FROM cert where year=2020) as "2020"
FROM cert
UNION
SELECT type, (SELECT min(amount) FROM cert where year=2018 limit 1) as "2018",
(SELECT min(amount) FROM cert where year=2019 limit 1) as "2019",
(SELECT min(amount) FROM cert where year=2020 limit 1) as "2020"
FROM cert

) as result

group by type