use test;

create table tel_code (area varchar( 100 ), areaname varchar( 255 ));

insert into tel_code values ('380', 'Ukraine');
insert into tel_code values ('38044', 'Ukraine Kiev');
insert into tel_code values ('380542', 'Ukraine Sumy');

select * from tel_code;
+ --------+--------------+
 
| area   | areaname     |
+ --------+--------------+
 
|  380     | Ukraine      |
|  38044   | Ukraine Kiev |
|  380542  | Ukraine Sumy |
+ --------+--------------+
 
 3  rows in set ( 0 . 02  sec)

set @ph_no:='380442226577';

select @ph_no;
+ --------------+
 
| @ph_no       |
+ --------------+
 
|  380442226577  |
+ --------------+
 
 1  row in set ( 0 . 00  sec)

select @ph_no, a.*,
(
  (left(@ph_no,  1 )=a.area)* 1 +
  (left(@ph_no,  2 )=a.area)* 2 +
  (left(@ph_no,  3 )=a.area)* 3 +
  (left(@ph_no,  4 )=a.area)* 4 +
  (left(@ph_no,  5 )=a.area)* 5 +
  (left(@ph_no,  6 )=a.area)* 6 +
  (left(@ph_no,  7 )=a.area)* 7 +
  (left(@ph_no,  8 )=a.area)* 8 +
) c from tel_code a order by 
(
  (left(@ph_no,  1 )=a.area)* 1 +
  (left(@ph_no,  2 )=a.area)* 2 +
  (left(@ph_no,  3 )=a.area)* 3 +
  (left(@ph_no,  4 )=a.area)* 4 +
  (left(@ph_no,  5 )=a.area)* 5 +
  (left(@ph_no,  6 )=a.area)* 6 +
  (left(@ph_no,  7 )=a.area)* 7 +
  (left(@ph_no,  8 )=a.area)* 8 +
) desc limit  1 ;
+ --------------+-------+--------------+------+
 
| @ph_no       | area  | areaname     | c    |
+ --------------+-------+--------------+------+
 
|  380442226577  |  38044  | Ukraine Kiev |     5  |
+ --------------+-------+--------------+------+
 
 1  row in set ( 0 . 00  sec)