select 0 + SUBSTRING(Number,1,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,2,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,3,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,4,1)
				            + SUBSTRING(Number,5,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,6,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,7,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,8,1)
					        + SUBSTRING(Number,9,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,10,1) as Num
			       from (select REPLACE(d.Number,' ','') as Number) A

0 + LEFT('0'+Num,1) + RIGHT('0'+Num,1)

select top 10 p1, num, FirstName, Surname, LastName, Number, ReceiveDate
from #Documents d
cross apply (select Num
				   ,IIF(Num % 9 = 0,9,Num % 9) as p1
			 from (select 0 + SUBSTRING(Number,1,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,2,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,3,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,4,1)
				            + SUBSTRING(Number,5,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,6,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,7,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,8,1)
					        + SUBSTRING(Number,9,1) + SUBSTRING(Number,10,1) as Num
			       from (select REPLACE(d.Number,' ','') as Number) A
				  )A
			) Num
where Num % 2 = 0
order by ReceiveDate

--!!! После слова например у меня не было примера, надеюсь, что правильно понял задачу
declare @DateBegin date
	   ,@DateEnd date
	   ,@N_Days int

SET @DateBegin = '20200801'
SET @DateEnd   = '20200904'

	IF   @DateBegin is null OR @DateEnd is null
	  OR @DateBegin > @DateEnd
	BEGIN
		SELECT @DateBegin = CONVERT(DATE,GETDATE())
			  ,@DateEnd   = CONVERT(DATE,GETDATE())
		--ну вообще return 0
	END

SET @N_Days = DATEDIFF(DAY,@DateBegin,@DateEnd)

	--Макс кол столбцов на выдачу в SQL SERVER x64 = 4096
	IF @N_Days > 4095 
	BEGIN
		SET @N_Days = 4095
		--ну вообще return 0
	END

if OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Products') is not null drop table #Products
create table #Products (tid  int primary key identity(1,1)
                       ,productName varchar(max) not null)
insert into #Products (productName)
select LEFT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(36),NEWID()),15) as FirstName
from       (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t1(r) --       10
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t2(r) --      100
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t3(r) --    1 000

if OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Sales') is not null drop table #Sales
create table #Sales (tid int primary key identity (-2147483648,1)
			        ,product_id int not null
					,quantity float not null
					,recdate datetime not null)
insert into #Sales (product_id, quantity, recdate)
select ABS(CHECKSUM(NEWID())) % 1000 as product_id
	  ,ABS(CHECKSUM(NEWID())) % 100 as quantity
	  ,DATEADD(HOUR,-ABS(CHECKSUM(NEWID())) % DATEDIFF(HOUR,'20180101',GETDATE()),GETDATE()) as ReceiveDate
from       (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t1(r) --       10
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t2(r) --      100
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t3(r) --    1 000
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t4(r) --   10 000
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t5(r) --  100 000
--cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t6(r) --1 000 000

if OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Days') is not null drop table #Days
create table #Days (D date)
insert into #Days (D)
select DATEADD(DAY,-(t1.d*1000+t2.d*100+t3.d*10+t4.d),@dateEnd)D
from       (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t1(d) --       10
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t2(d) --      100
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t3(d) --    1 000
cross join (VALUES (0),(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9))t4(d) --   10 000
where t1.d*1000+t2.d*100+t3.d*10+t4.d <= @N_Days

if OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Fin1') is not null drop table #Fin1
create table #Fin1 (product_id int, recdate varchar(10), quantity float, primary key (product_id, recdate))
insert into #Fin1 (product_id, recdate, quantity)
select p.tid, CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),d.D,104) as recdate
	  ,ISNULL(SUM(s.quantity),0) as quantity
from #Days d
cross join #Products p
left join #Sales s on s.recdate >= d.D 
				  AND s.recdate < DATEADD(DAY,1,d.D)
				  AND s.product_id = p.tid
where d.D >= @DateBegin
  AND d.D < DATEADD(DAY,1,@DateEnd)
group by p.tid, d.D

declare @SQL varchar(max)
	   ,@days varchar(max)

select @days = STUFF((select [text()] = ',['+CONVERT(varchar(10),D,104)+']'
				      from #Days
					  order by D
					  for xml path('')
				      ),1,1,'')

SET @SQL = 'SELECT ProductName, '+@days+'
			FROM #Products p
			LEFT JOIN #Fin1 f on p.tid = f.product_id
			PIVOT (SUM(quantity) for recdate in ('+@days+')) pvt
		  '

--В строки выводить наименование товаров, сумму продаж за указанную дату, при этом т.к. период выборки может меняться, количество колонок в итоговом отчете заранее неизвестно.
EXEC (@SQL)