drop proc if exists dbo.DynamicSP 
go

drop type if exists dbo.tvpColumnsList
go

create type dbo.tvpColumnsList as table (
	ColumnName nvarchar(128) primary key
)
go

create proc dbo.DynamicSP 
	@ColumnList dbo.tvpColumnsList readonly
as 
	set nocount on; 

	declare @ColumnsListStr nvarchar(max) = ( 
		select ', ' + ColumnName 
		from @ColumnList 
		where ColumnName in ( 
			-- боишся инъекций, перечисли все возможные столбцы тут
			'Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3' --, ...
		)
		for xml path('')
	)

	declare @Cmd nvarchar(max) = N'	
		select id ' + @ColumnsListStr + '
		from dbo.tableName
	'

	print @Cmd

	exec sys.sp_executesql @Cmd, N' -- параметры если необходимо '

go

--вызов
declare @ColumnList dbo.tvpColumnsList
insert into @ColumnList ( ColumnName )
values ('Col1'), ('Col3')
exec dbo.DynamicSP @ColumnList = @ColumnList