declare @party table (
                  good_code char( 1 ) not null,
                  party_id int not null identity( 1 , 1 ) primary key,
                  quantity int not null check (quantity >  0  ),
                  party_date datetime default getdate() not null
)
declare @good table (
                 good_code char( 1 ) not null primary key,
                 quantity int not null check (quantity >  0  )
)
insert into @party (good_code, quantity,party_date)
values ('A', 10 ,getdate()- 3 )
insert into @party (good_code, quantity,party_date)
values ('A', 12 ,getdate()- 2 )
insert into @party (good_code, quantity,party_date)
values ('A', 2 ,getdate()- 1 )
insert into @party (good_code, quantity,party_date)
values ('A', 5 ,getdate())

insert into @good (good_code, quantity)
values ('A', 25 )

select * from @party
select * from @good

select p.*, case sign(g.quantity - (select sum(p1.quantity) 
                                      from @party p1
                                      where p1.good_code = p.good_code
                                            and p1.party_date <= p.party_date))
             when  1  then p.quantity
             when  0  then p.quantity
             else (g.quantity - (select sum(p1.quantity) - p.quantity
                                      from @party p1
                                      where p1.good_code = p.good_code
                                            and p1.party_date <= p.party_date))
             end as q
from @party p inner join @good g on p.good_code = g.good_code
                   and g.quantity >= (select sum(p1.quantity) - p.quantity
                                      from @party p1
                                      where p1.good_code = p.good_code
                                            and p1.party_date <= p.party_date)