IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#TEMP_PAYHISTORY') IS NOT NULL
  DROP TABLE #TEMP_PAYHISTORY

CREATE TABLE #TEMP_PAYHISTORY (
  ID INT IDENTITY  --id
 ,PC_ID INT           --личное дело
 ,[MONTH] INT       --месяц
 ,[YEAR] INT          --год
 ,STATUS INT         -- "1" - неоплата; "0" - оплата 
)

INSERT INTO #TEMP_PAYHISTORY
  VALUES (1, 2, 2019, 1),
  (1, 3, 2019, 1),
  (2, 3, 2019, 1),
  (1, 4, 2019, 1),
  (1, 5, 2019, 1),
  (1, 6, 2019, 1),
  (2, 4, 2019, 0),
  (2, 5, 2019, 1),
  (2, 6, 2019, 1),
  (3, 2, 2019, 1),
  (3, 4, 2019, 1),
  (3, 5, 2019, 1),
  (3, 6, 2019, 1)

--определяю максимальную дату
DECLARE @maxDate DATE
SELECT
  @maxDate = (SELECT
      MAX(DATEFROMPARTS(ph.YEAR, ph.MONTH, 1))
    FROM #TEMP_PAYHISTORY ph)

--определяю минимальную дату
DECLARE @Period INT = 4
DECLARE @minDate DATE
SELECT
  @minDate = DATEADD(MONTH, -@Period, @maxDate)

SELECT
  tp1.PC_ID
FROM #TEMP_PAYHISTORY tp1
WHERE tp1.PC_ID NOT IN (SELECT
    tp2.PC_ID
  FROM #TEMP_PAYHISTORY tp2
  WHERE DATEDIFF(MONTH, @minDate, DATEFROMPARTS(tp2.YEAR, tp2.MONTH, 1)) > 0
  AND DATEDIFF(MONTH, @maxDate, DATEFROMPARTS(tp2.YEAR, tp2.MONTH, 1)) < 0
  AND tp2.STATUS = 0)
  GROUP BY tp1.PC_ID