select [id] from [ffv] where [fv_id] in (select [value] from string_split(@fv_id, ','));

declare @t table (
       id int, 
       fv_id int
);

insert into @t values 
(11, 33),
(11, 22),
(11, 11),
(22, 33),
(33, 22),
(33, 33);

declare @fv_id varchar(255) = '33,22';

--вариант 1
with x as (
    select distinct 
          try_cast([value] as int) as [fv_id],
          count(1) over (order by 1/0) as [xcnt]
    from string_split(@fv_id, ',')
),
y as (
    select
          count(x.[fv_id]) over (partition by id order by 1/0 range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) as tcnt,
          x.xcnt,
          t.[id]
    from (select distinct [id], [fv_id] from @t) t
        left join x on x.[fv_id] = t.[fv_id]
)
select distinct y.[id]
from y
where y.[tcnt] >= y.[xcnt];

--вариант 2
select distinct t.[id]
from @t t
where 0 = (select count(1) from
           (select try_cast([value] as int) from string_split(@fv_id, ',')
            except
            select [fv_id] from @t t2 where t2.[id] = t.[id]
           ) TX ([va])
           );

--вариант 3
select distinct t1.[id]
from @t t1
where t1.[fv_id] = ALL(select distinct try_cast([value] as int) from string_split(@fv_id, ',')
                       except
                       select t2.[fv_id] from @t t2 where t2.[id] = t1.[id]);