UPDATE Слова SET 
Слова.[ 0 ] = InStr([Слово],'0')<> 0 , Слова.[ 1 ] = InStr([Слово],'1')<> 0 , 
Слова.[ 2 ] = InStr([Слово],'2')<> 0 , Слова.[ 3 ] = InStr([Слово],'3')<> 0 , 
Слова.[ 4 ] = InStr([Слово],'4')<> 0 , Слова.[ 5 ] = InStr([Слово],'5')<> 0 , 
Слова.[ 6 ] = InStr([Слово],'6')<> 0 , Слова.[ 7 ] = InStr([Слово],'7')<> 0 , 
Слова.[ 8 ] = InStr([Слово],'8')<> 0 , Слова.[ 9 ] = InStr([Слово],'9')<> 0 ;

Option Compare Database
Option Explicit

Private Sub Заполнить_Click()
  Dim t As Long
  
  For t =  1  To  100000   '(сто тысяч) 
    CurrentDb.Execute "insert into Слова (слово) values(" & Abs(Int(Rnd *  1000000 )) & ")"
  Next
  MsgBox "Готово"
End Sub

Private Sub Разбить_Click()
  Dim i As Double
  
  i = Now
  CurrentDb.Execute "разбить"
  Debug.Print Now - i
  MsgBox "Готово"
End Sub

Private Sub Найти_Click()
  Dim s As String
  Dim rs As DAO.Recordset
  Dim i As Double
  
  s = "000000"
  i = Now
  Set rs = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset("select слово from слова where " & _
               "[0]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "0") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[1]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "1") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[2]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "2") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[3]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "3") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[4]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "4") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[5]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "5") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[6]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "6") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[7]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "7") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[8]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "8") <>  0 , "True", "False") & " And " & _
               "[9]=" & IIf(InStr(s, "9") <>  0 , "True", "False"))
  On Error Resume Next
  rs.MoveLast
  Debug.Print "word:'" & s & "', records:" & rs.RecordCount & ", time:" & (Now - i)
  MsgBox "Готово"
End Sub

 0 : 00 : 37  
word:'001122', records: 49 , time: 0 : 00 : 00 
word:'000000', records: 0 , time: 0 : 00 : 00 
word:'123456', records: 70 , time: 0 : 00 : 00