ibqEmpty: TQuery;
...
const
  C_ins_synonym = 'INSERT INTO SYNONYM (ID_EW1, ID_SYNONYM) VALUES (%d, %d)';
var
  L_index_AID: integer;
begin
  for L_index_AID := 0 to high(Pu_ID_words) do
  begin
    ibqEmpty.Close;
        ibqEmpty.SQL.Clear;
        ibqEmpty.SQL.Add(Format(C_ins_synonym, [2, Pu_ID_words[L_index_AID]]));
        ibqEmpty.ExecSQL;
        trDsWord.CommitRetaining;
  end;
end;

var
  i: integer;
begin
  With IBSQL do
  begin
    SQL.Clear;
    ParamCheck := True;
//  SQL.Text := 'INSERT INTO SYNONYM VALUES(:ID_EW1, :ID_SYNONYM)';
    SQL.Text := 'INSERT INTO SYNONYM VALUES(:ID, :ID_EW1, :ID_SYNONYM)';
  end;


  With IBTransaction1 do
  begin
    for i := 0 to 5 do
    begin
      StartTransaction;
      IBSQL.Close;
      IBSQL.Prepare;
      IBSQL.ParamByname('ID').AsInteger := i+1;
      IBSQL.ParamByname('ID_EW1').AsInteger := 11;
      IBSQL.ParamByname('ID_SYNONYM').AsInteger := 12;
      Try
        IBSQL.ExecQuery;
        Commit;
      Except
        RollBack;
      End;
    end;
  end;