-- группы
group_list
 - g_id
 - g_name

-- студенты
student_list
 - s_id
 - g_id (код группы)
 - s_name
 - ....

-- преподаватели
prepod_list
 - pr_id
 - pr_name

-- предметы
subject_list
 - sbj_id
 - sbj_name

-- связи предметы - группы
group_subject_list
 - gs_id
 - g_id (код группы)
 - sbj_id (код предмета)
 - gs_param (порядковый номер предмета,  1 ... 12 )

-- оценки
mark_list
 - mark_id
 - s_id (код студента)
 - pr_id (код преподавателя)
 - sbj_id (код предмета)
 - mark_value (оценка)
 - mark_date (дата выставления)

-- примерно такие две вьюхи
view group_subject_list_view as
select a.*, b.sbj_name
from group_subject_list as a
left join subject_list as b on b.sbj_id = a.sbj_id

view mark_list_view as
select a.mark_id, b.gs_param, c.sbj_name, d.g_name, 
max(a.mark_value) as mark_value -- :))))))
from mark_list as a
left join group_subject_list as b on b.sbj_id = a.sbj_id
left join subject_list as c on c.sbj_id = a.sbj_id
left join group_list as d on d.g_id = b.g_id
group by a.mark_id, b.gs_param, c.sbj_name, d.g_name

-- запрос оценок для группы
(
 select 'группа','студенты', m1.sbj_name as sbj1,m1.sbj_name as sbj2,...m1.sbj_name as sbj12
 left outer join group_subject_list_view as m1 on (m1.s_id = a.s_id and m1.gs_param= 1 )
 left outer join group_subject_list_view as m2 on (m1.s_id = a.s_id and m2.gs_param= 2 )
 left outer join group_subject_list_view as m3 on (m1.s_id = a.s_id and m3.gs_param= 3 )
 ..
 left outer join mark_list_view as m12 on (m12.s_id = a.s_id and m12.gs_param= 12 )
)union all
(
 select 
    gr.g_name,
    a.s_name, 
    m1.mark_value as val1, m2.mark_value as val2,... m12.mark_value as val12
 from student_list as a
 left outer join group_list as gr on gr.g_id = a.g_id
 left outer join mark_list_view as m1 on (m1.s_id = a.s_id and m1.gs_param= 1 )
 left outer join mark_list_view as m2 on (m2.s_id = a.s_id and m2.gs_param= 2 )
 left outer join mark_list_view as m3 on (m3.s_id = a.s_id and m3.gs_param= 3 )
 ..
 left outer join mark_list_view as m12 on (m12.s_id = a.s_id and m12.gs_param= 12 )
)

Stud_ID / Gropup_ID / 01 / 02 / 03 / 04 / 05 / 06 / 07 /..../ 30 / 31 /