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Q: how do you make a variables only accessible within a function but cause the value to persist
across calls to that function
Answer:
1) Add a positional argument, with an empty tuple as default value, to the end of the argument list
2) Encapsulate access to the variable within set_x() and get_y() functions
3) Create a global variable at the veginning of the module and add the private declaration to that variable within the function
4) Create a global variable at the beginning of the module and add the "static" declaration to that variable within the function
5) Add the keyword argument, with a mutable a default value to the end of the function parameret list