Private Sub ListView1_ItemCheck(ByVal sender As Object, _
   ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.ItemCheckEventArgs) Handles ListView1.ItemCheck
    If (ListView1.SelectedItems.Count > 1) Then e.NewValue = e.CurrentValue
  End Sub

ListView1.CheckBoxes = False

  Private Sub ListView1_ItemChecked(ByVal sender As Object,
   ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.ItemCheckedEventArgs) Handles ListView1.ItemChecked
    Debug.Print(e.Item.Index & "(" & e.Item.Checked & ")")
  End Sub

Public Class Form1
  Private Const LVM_FIRST = &H1000
  Private Const LVM_GETEXTENDEDLISTVIEWSTYLE = LVM_FIRST + &H37
  Private Const LVM_SETEXTENDEDLISTVIEWSTYLE = LVM_FIRST + &H36

  Private Const LVS_EX_CHECKBOXES = &H4&

  Private Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32" Alias "SendMessageW" _
   (ByVal hwnd As IntPtr, ByVal wMsg As Integer, ByVal wParam As Integer, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Integer

  Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
    ListView1.CheckBoxes = False 'необходимо, можно в конструкторе

    Dim lStyle As Integer = SendMessage(ListView1.Handle, LVM_GETEXTENDEDLISTVIEWSTYLE, 0, 0)
    lStyle = lStyle Or LVS_EX_CHECKBOXES
    Call SendMessage(ListView1.Handle, LVM_SETEXTENDEDLISTVIEWSTYLE, 0, lStyle)

    For i As Integer = 0 To 20
      Dim LItem As ListViewItem = New ListViewItem
      LItem.SubItems.Add("subitem" & i.ToString & "-1")
      LItem.SubItems.Add("subitem" & i.ToString & "-2")
      LItem.Checked = True
      ListView1.Items.Add(LItem)
    Next i

  End Sub