Sub qq() 'Запрос к линкованной таблице
    Dim q As DAO.QueryDef
    On Error GoTo 1
    Set q = CurrentDb.QueryDefs("qq")
    q.ODBCTimeout = 1
    q.Execute dbFailOnError
    q.Close: Set q = Nothing
    Debug.Print "OK"
    Exit Sub
1:     If Err <> 0 Then _
        Debug.Print "1: " & Err.Description, Err.Number
End Sub

Sub qq1() 'ДАО Запрос к серверу
    Const con$ = "ODBC;DSN=North;APP=Microsoft Office 2003;" & _
                 "WSID=RADIOX;DATABASE=NorthWind;TABLE=dbo.Order Details"
    Dim q As DAO.QueryDef
    Dim s$
    On Error GoTo 1
    s = "UPDATE dbo.[Order Details] SET discount = discount+1"
    Set q = CurrentDb.CreateQueryDef("")
    q.Connect = con
    q.SQL = s
    q.ReturnsRecords = False
    q.Execute dbFailOnError
    q.Close: Set q = Nothing
    Debug.Print "OK"
    Exit Sub
1:     If Err <> 0 Then _
        Debug.Print "2: " & Err.Description, Err.Number
End Sub

Sub qq2() 'ADO command
    Const ConStr$ = "Driver={SQL Server};" & _
                    "Provider = Microsoft.Access.OLEDB.10.0;" & _
                    "Server=RadioX\RadioX;" & _
                    "Database=NorthWind;" & _
                    "User Id=sa;" & _
                    "Password=0;"
                    
    Dim q As ADODB.Command
    Dim con As ADODB.Connection
    Dim s$
    On Error GoTo 1
    
    s = "UPDATE dbo.[Order Details] SET discount = discount+1"
    Set con = New ADODB.Connection
    con.ConnectionString = ConStr
    con.Open
    
    Set q = New ADODB.Command
    q.ActiveConnection = con
    q.CommandType = adCmdText
    q.CommandText = s
    q.Execute
    Set q = Nothing
    con.Close: Set con = Nothing
    Debug.Print "OK"
    Exit Sub
1:     If Err <> 0 Then _
        Debug.Print "3 " & Err.Description, Err.Number
End Sub

1: ODBC - ошибка вызова.     3146 
2: ODBC - ошибка вызова.     3146 
3 [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]UPDATE statement conflicted with COLUMN CHECK constraint 'CK_Discount'. The conflict occurred in database 'NorthWind', table 'Order Details', column 'Discount'. -2147217900 

Sub qq_ts()
    Dim conStr$, s$
    Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
    On Error GoTo 1
    s = "select orderid, discount from dbo.[Order Details] order by 1"
    conStr = "Provider = SQLOLEDB;" & _
             "Data Source=Radiox\RadioX;" & _
             "Initial Catalog=NorthWind;" & _
             "User Id=sa;" & _
             "Password=0;"
    Set rs = New ADODB.Recordset
    rs.Open s, conStr, adOpenKeyset
    
    Debug.Print rs!orderid
    
    Do While Not rs.EOF
        'Order_Det - имя линкованной таблицы в базе Акцесс
        CurrentDb.Execute "update Order_Det set discount= " & _
        rs!discount + 1, dbFailOnError
        rs.MoveNext
    Loop
    rs.Close: Set rs = Nothing
1:  If Err <> 0 Then _
    Debug.Print "4: " & rs!orderid, Err.Description, Err.Number
End Sub

10248 
4: 10248      ODBC - ошибка вызова.        3146